CRISPR/Cas9 is a gene editing technology developed based on the innate immune mechanism of bacteria. It is mainly composed of endonuclease Cas9 and gRNA (Guide RNA). Cas9 can recognize and bind regions of the genome corresponding to the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and form a DNA double-strand unwind. At the same time, the crRNA portion of the gRNA was able to successfully complement and pair with the upstream sequence of the PAM. Once paired, Cas9 activates its endonuclease activity, triggering a double-stranded DNA break at a specific location upstream of the PAM. After the break, the repair mechanism of the cell itself is triggered, and then the gene is knocked out or knocked in.
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